Pg 361 #14-20
14. Describe how atmospheric CO2 and water vapor help maintain moderate temperatures at Earth’s surface.
a. Atmospheric CO2 and water vapor help maintain moderate temperatures at Earth’s surface because the CO2 and water vapor absorb the infrared rays the beam down from the sun, but when rays do get through they are reradiated back and retained by the atmosphere.
15. List two natural processes and two human activities that can increase the amount of:
a. CO2 in the atmosphere.
i. HUMAN: clearing forests that would usually consume CO2 through photosynthesis.
ii. NATURAL: dead organisms and terrestrial ecosystems (such as trees, crops, and other living matter)
b. CH4 in the atmosphere.
i. HUMAN: burning natural gas
ii. NATURAL: cows
16. What changes in the composition of the atmosphere would cause the average surface temperature of the Earth to
a. Increase?
i. A lower concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases.
b. Decrease?
i. A higher concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases.
17. Explain why, on a sunny day, a greenhouse with transparent glass walls is much warmer than a structure with opaque wooden walls.
a. It is much warmer because the infrared rays that come from the sun travel through the glass walls
18. Draw sketches to show how
a. Greenhouse works.
b. The global greenhouse works.
19. List three chemical reservoirs of carbon atoms.
a. Atmospheric CO2 gas
b. Solid calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in limestone
c. Natural gas (methane, CH4)
d. Organic molecules
20. Explain how, over time, a particular carbon atom can be part of the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.
a. Carbon is part of the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas due to plant photosynthesis, then as limestone in the hydrosphere, and fossil fuels are in the lithosphere.
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