Unit 1B Vocab

      ·      MATTER: anything that occupies space and has mass.

·      PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: properties that can be observed and measured without changing the chemical makeup of the substance.

·      DENSITY: the mass of material within a given volume.

·      FREEZING POINT: a physical property; 0 degrees Celsius at normal atmospheric pressure.

·      AQUEOUS SOLUTION: water-base solution

·      MIXTURE: when two or more substances combine, and yet still retain their individual properties.

·      HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE: its composition is not the same, or uniform, throughout. (ex. Foul water)

·      SUSPENSION: a heterogeneous mixture; if solid particles are large enough to settle out, or can be separated by using filtration.

·      TYNDALL EFFECT: the scattering of light, which indicates that small, solid particles were still in the water.

·      COLLOID: a mixture of small, solid particles.

·      HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE: a mixture that is uniform throughout.

·      SOLUTION: homogeneous mixtures

·      SOLUTE: the dissolved substance

·      SOLVENT: the dissolving agent

·      PARTICULATE LEVEL: the level of atoms and molecules.

·      ATOMS: the building blocks of matter.

·      ELEMENT: matter that is made up of only one kind of element.

·      COMPOUND: a substance that is composed of two or more elements linked together chemically in certain fixed proportions.

·      CHEMICAL FORMULAS: how compounds and elements are represented.

·      SUBSTANCE: each has a uniform and definite composition, as well as distinct properties.

·      MOLECULE: the smallest unit of a molecular compound that retains the properties of that substance.

·      MACROSCOPIC: a world filled with large-scale (macro) readily observed things.

·      MODELS: representations

·      CHEMICAL SYMBOLS: the letters in an international “chemical language” understood by scientists throughout the world.

·      PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS: where all known elements are organized, and one of the most useful tools of a chemists work.

·      SUBSCRIPT: a number written below the normal line of letters.

·      CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: can be regarded as chemical sentences.

·      CHEMICAL REACTIONS: entail the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, causing atoms to be rearranged into new substances.

·      REACTANTS: the original (starting) substances in a chemical reaction.

·      PRODUCTS: the new substance or substances formed form the rearrangement of the reactant atoms

·      DIATOMIC MOLECULES: they exist as two bonded atoms of the same element

·      PROTONS: positively charged particles

·      ELECTRONS: negatively charged particles

·      NEUTRONS: electrically neutral particles

·      IONS: electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms

·      IONIC COMPOUNDS: substances that are composed of positive and negative ions

·      ANION: a negatively charged ion

·      CATION: a positively charged ion

·      POLYATOMIC ION: an ion consisting of a group of bonded atoms

·      CONFIRMING TESTS: a positive test confirms that the ion in question is present.

·      PRECIPITATE: an insoluble material

·      QUALITITATIVE TEST: tests that identify the presence or absence of an ion

·      QUANTITATIVE TEST: determine the amount of a specific substance present in a sample.

·      REFERENCE SOLUTION: a solution of known composition used as a comparison

·      DATA: objective pieces of information